Management and Business

John Ottersbach Info I-303 Organizational Informatics June 17, 2009 Project # 4 This is the project report from evaluating the AgCredit mini-case (Textbook pages 131-134) 1. Synopsis This case focuses on an agriculture credit and loan company whose core competency is based around its customer knowledge. The organization’s IT structure and function does not suit the business well. The current setup is not enterprise architecture and staff issues are rampant. There has been a lot of preparatory work done in analyzing the situation and a new team was formed to chart a course of action to transform IT.With much of the information gathering completed, the team now must convince the business leadership of the changes and be brought on board. Communicating the goals and future plans to involve the business will be vital for the company’s IT to become effective. 2. Key Issues 1. The company’s executives are very busy with day to day operations and new initiatives. IT com petence has slipped over time and the structure was never aligned with organizational vision. 2. Although some backend tinkering has made company wide information accessible in some cases, the current systems are not compatible and interaction between them is poor. . IT does not have credibility within the lines of business. This is a know shortcoming and will be addressed in the reorganization of IT. 4. Business processes are not understood by IT staff and often the business itself lacks a thorough gasp on their processes. The interconnections of the processes are unclear to both sides of the organization also. 5. The divisions do not understand their role within the organization and they must figure out how they should support the enterprise. Aligning their individual goals with strategic drivers will need to be done.There are four business divisions within AgCredit. 6. The company’s strategic drivers are continuous growth, expanse of customer relationships, ability to spen d more time with the customers, ability to cross-sell services, and provide a consistent experience to the customer. 7. A CIO position was created to align IT and the business and to guide the IT transformation. The new CIO has run a successful campaign with e-business and comes to the position with fresh eyes, but a lack of formal technical experience. He is comfortable utilizing contractors and taking in multiple points of view. 8.No IT governance or architecture is currently in place. Rather a divisional structure has existed and enterprise vision is shallow. IT decisions are made to fulfill short-term needs and initiatives. IT function is viewed as a support service for the business. 9. Some of the IT staffing issues are: low morale, high job ambiguity, unqualified staff filling positions, technical skills lacking in some areas, no senior IT manager positions, and many unfilled job roles. Part of retooling the IT architecture must be to sort out these staffing needs. 10. An appl ication-centric attitude rules the company.This has led to four separate databases, one per division, and huge data untidiness and redundancy. 11. An SOA approach has been suggested based on organizational needs, to transform IT. Those needs include integrating technologies and platforms without replacement. Vendor choices will have to be narrowed and an approval process put in place backed with execution metrics and processes. 12. The next steps will be consolidating the customer data and strengthening its foundation. A single set of customer information is the expectation and this will also help build trust and credibility toward IT, within the organization. . Case Evaluation Strategy that was usedThis report looks at a â€Å"horizontal† slice of many interrelated issues (refer to Section 5 – later in the report – for further explanation of these issues). Mixing the details of the case with the general issues into a relevant and cogent analysis was the main co ncern and involved various methods. a. Setting the Context In order to formulate an organizational structure I role-played possible structures and looked for effective relationships. The case lent many good starting points and I just carried the ideas forward with an eye on the future. . Major Initiatives and Priorities of AgCredit After getting an idea of how the structure would look I applied knowledge from the other cases and best practices mentioned from the textbook to suggest a prioritization process for project selection. After developing textbook scenarios further for the new SOA model to test I looked at the possible outcomes and largest advantages. The recommendations are used in the answer section 4. c. Looking back Ideas for the capabilities and governance also came from the lectures, readings, and previous case work.Although the specifics are much different in that the standardization of equipment is not common between them, the cases all need better business-IT partner ships and oversight. Looking for what makes them similar and different gave a unique perspective to each case. 4. Discussion Questions The following are the answers to the discussion questions on page 134 of the textbook. Propose an organizational structure for the IT department that you feel would support the transformation of AgCredit into a processcentric organization. Recognition of business ownership will be vital to the organizational structure.Having the business sign on and join the conversation about IT and related projects will be instrumental. A steering committee will be need to be part of the approval process of all projects is needed to make sure an enterprise view is taken. The multidivisional committee will need to ensure all projects fit within a SOA framework. The CIO should be involved in the boardroom and have access to senior management, including the CEO. The CIO should hire senior management that can convey departmental and business objects and help guide IT e mployees.Account managers for each LOB that reside in the business but report to senior IT management should be installed. The entire IT staff will need to be reassessed to ensure the proper people are in the right job roles. The IT function will need to be brought in alignment with the enterprise vision. One option is to try to promote internally for vacant IT positions and insource the roles that cannot be filled. Insourcing will have the distinct advantage of training IT personnel while getting the job done as well. Outsourcing IT functions that are not core competencies can also be employed if desired.Outline a project selection process for AgCredit to ensure alignment with the enterprise business vision. As mentioned in the last question, a steering committee that represents many LOBs will need to be formed and giving decision making capabilities. The process should begin by examining how a project ties to the overall vision of the company. Next the committee members should out line how the project effects their division and could be used to meet departmental needs if possible. Additionally it will need to make sure it fits within the SOA and is not duplicated by other software nodes or current processes.If it is an enhancement or add-on to another project, communication with the end user to see potential benefits should begin. Making sure it can be modularized and standardized for the business will be vital for the organization’s architecture. Additionally making sure all project types are considered and funded through a tax upon all LOBs will be required to support SOA. How should Manley â€Å"make the case† for SOA to ensure that the executive team at AgCredit buys in? Manley will need to present the key strengths of SOA and make sure to focus on how it will support the company’s vision and goals. The transition will simplify the organization and speed up product implementation. * Current services and products will be available or m odified for usability. * It supports web services that align with continuous growth opportunities, expanded customer relationships, and ability to cross-sell between the divisions. * It will immediately offer up opportunities for the divisions both in terms of possible financial gains and stretching development dollars. * Existing services can be purchased and implemented quickly within the SOA.This increases our capabilities and ensures we stay caught up with the larger firms. In essence this can level the playing field providing valuable resources and systems. * Once the customer information is centralized, which is required for SOA, the savings from reducing database needs will be realized. * Having common processes will align the business as a whole and ensure value from increased communication and decreased uncertainty. * This kind of technology base may allow the way we work to change, for example working from home or on the road working through a VPN.What new internal IT capa bilities will have to be developed in order to create an IT department to support AgCredits future business architecture? The capabilities needed to support the SOA from the IT perspective are management tools, information management tools, Information delivery options, development cycles, and a customer service attitude toward the divisions. Role clarification will be important in setting up these capabilities. Management tools include visioning and business alignment processes, funding methods, measurement metrics and focus, and monitoring methods.Information management tools include collection activities, organize process including schemes and taxonomy, process modules to use the information, and maintenance procedures that support business functions. Development cycles must conform to SOA standards and guidelines, using compliant hardware and software to make systems that breakdown the functionality, and complaint with regulatory needs, including system proficiency in creating r eports for audit purposes. The customer service attitude will be needed to manage perceptions and keep close ties with the business.What aspects of IT governance do you think would be important in supporting this transformation? Before governance structures are formalized the enterprise and divisional vision and objectives should be outlined. With IT working alongside the business some guiding principles must be drafted up. This may involve setting up account managers within the LOB and forming a multidiscipline steering committee with considerable decision power. This steering committee should work closely with the CIO and have high level approval and corporate sponsorship.The governance system should focus on guiding the transformation process and keeping key issues in focus, such as sox and regulatory compliance. Stakeholder involvement in the steering committee will help the business and IT structures become partners and work together. It will ensure all voices are heard and con sidered in the decision making process. They should outline policy decisions that support the organization’s vision early on. 5. Issues I have Discussed I utilized the chart, Dr. Ramachandran offered, to find the connections between the subject matter we have studied and the case.My analysis follows: From Lecture 4 and the Textbook reading assignment pages 37 – 50. * In this case IT often takes a backseat to other business concerns. The CEO having to be approached on the weekend to look at IT issues shows a lack of perceived IT value. * The company has a reputation of customer knowledge and that has allowed for competitive advantage. * The CEO believes IT supports the business. This belief is reinforced with the way IT is set up to function and furthermore with its failure to meet the minimum standards of competency and credibility.The instinctual desire to outsource all of IT by Paul Manley is a good indicator of IT’s inability to deliver value to the business. * It commonly believed and accepted that IT and business are not aligned at a high level. The desire for the alignment exists and the CEO’s decision to promote a strong business head into the CIO position reflects this understanding. * IT possesses a low self worth due partly to poor organizational engagement and role ambiguity. Without high-quality, business-minded leadership the internal perspective of IT has suffered. OCBs are far less likely to occur in this weakened environment. Without a solid enterprise architecture in place IT lacks a unifying vision and single â€Å"brand†. This lack of oversight has not helped promote IT to the business. * With IT being viewed negatively at the executive level, as at the start of the case, IT is at a disadvantage when trying to return value to the organization. The increased bond between the CEO and CIO will dramatically increase a positive perspective for the IT transformation. * The competency and creditability of IT is st ill highly suspect. The new CIO has acknowledged and is addressing the deficiency.There is an understanding that it will take time and energy to change the perception of the company. This is a prerequisite to having the business units buying into and taking a chance on IT. * The structural changes of IT should address perceptual issues as well at technical ones. The SOA will ensure the business, through their active role as data owners, views IT as a partner rather than just a service for the business. * The perceptual challenge ahead will involve a lengthy temporal component, the organizations view will not shift overnight. IT will have to build confidence and show the business that it adds value.Additionally perceptions will need to be continually managed with IT’s rocky history. From Lecture 6 and the Textbook reading assignment pages 72 – 85. * A good exercise before starting the restructure or even the consolidation to a single customer service file would be to ge t with the business and develop a technology roadmap. The entire process does not need to be completed before beginning other initiatives but this will give the organization focus and set current expectations. This will involve the business greatly and will open the lines of communication for IT and business operations.Since a large part of a technology roadmap is how technology will be implemented to support the enterprise vision, strategy, and objectives this will help ensure the divisions are working toward organizational unification. * Once the enterprise and divisional vision and objectives are lined out the process can begin. Working alongside the business some guiding principles must be drafted up. This may involve setting up account managers within the LOB and forming a multidiscipline steering committee with considerable decision power. IT staffing cannot be done correctly until business needs are communicated.It will be important to make sure the guiding principles map to the vision. * The vision from the textbook would consist of: continuous growth, expanse of customer relationships, ability to spend more time with the customers, ability to cross-sell services, and provide a consistent experience to the customer. Additionally implementing an SOA environment would need to be considered in the process. * Taking an inventory should be split into two sections. The first is coming up with a classification schema, which should work well with planning the SOA objectives.The second is assigning a technology custodian which will help build credibility by increasing transparency of responsibility. * A gap analysis of the current technology to required technology will also need to be completed. This will help build the relationship to the business and show competency for IT if done well. The level of business involvement must be high so an opportunity to influence perception is created. After identifying the missing links a scan of the available technology wil l need to be undertaken. SOA design will play a vital role in deciding on which software and hardware need to be developed or purchased. In order to get from point A to point B, point B being an SOA for the company, a solid migration strategy must be created.This will affect the projects that have been put on hold within the organization and future projects as well. This will need input from the business since they will be severely impacted. The steering committee should be well established and able to make informed decisions on this type of endeavor. A governance body will need to be installed that oversees this process and its future revisions. From Lecture 7 and the Textbook reading assignment pages 98 – 126. In order to succeed in the organization vision AgCredit has an Information Management system needs to be instituted. This will be housing the single customer information file. Visioning exercises will help develop policies to support the IM. * The IM will be a great f irst step toward changing the culture to acceptance of IT function and the partnership role in the organization. A SOA will be supported by this move also and will bring the company focus together. * Shaping the culture to accept the responsibility and a steering committee’s authority will take time to develop especially with such a weak IT role in the current organization.Bring them on board will be vital to success though. With all of the expected growth and centralizing of information security policy will have to become standardized and thorough. If any of the IT functions get outsourced this move will help make the transition and usefulness operate more smoothly and efficiently. * The initial SOA will be created through a process that needs full organizational representation and support. The final acceptance will need to be at the senior level though. * Adjusting the perspective and culture toward acceptance will be instrumental to the initiatives success.Paul Manley will need to take an active role in convincing the business to sign on and support the initiative. 6. Organization Chart CEO Jim Finney CIO Paul Manley COO Steve Stewart Kate Longair Samantha Secord Dirk Schader 7. Further Issues From Lecture 2 and the Textbook reading assignment pages 14 – 25. * IT and the business are not aligned. The business is not even aware of how the different divisions come together to work for the organization. The business will have to sort itself out as well as build a partnership with IT. * They have begun to revisit the business model and are aware there is a lot of work to be done.Since the business is aligning itself that leaves IT in a good position to tie itself to all LOBs. Strategic themes have not been capitalized upon but with the SOA the chances of identifying and being able to act on them will be greater. Getting strong leadership in place within IT and partnering with IT will be a major task that needs to be undertaken. * The different pro ject types are currently not broken up and funded appropriately. The architecture projects seem to be falling behind and definitely not aligned with business strategy. The focus on all dimensions of IT strategy will need to be a priority for the new steering committee.Building these processes and methods alongside the business will ensure commitment and success. This has not been the case with AgCredit in the past but in order to get IT working for the company it will have to be adopted and maintained. * Account managers that report to the CIO or senior IT managers will need to be hired or found internally. IT and the business’s disconnect between must cease and they should unify. From Lecture 9 and the Textbook reading assignment pages 230 – 244. * IT has not kept pace with were it needs to be for the organization.They are not prepared to take on the expanded roles IT is expected to recently. The company will need to correct the IT organizational structure and then fi gure out what competencies they possess. They will need to chart the maturity and make sure they teach or hire staff that can fill the roles the company wants to keep internal. The notion of outsourcing all of IT was raised at the start of the case, but the executives need to get together and chart a course for the organization. After getting an idea of where they want to be they can actually start to consider what IT functions can be outsourced.Customer service functions and capabilities will need to remain in-house since this is the business’s competitive advantage in the environment. * The staffing issues in the company are a direct result of not realizing which IT functions the business needs to cultivate and rely on. There are too many functions for this company to be able to turn around perform well so something will have to give and other alternatives, either insourcing or outsourcing, need to be considered. Without knowing how the business divisions and processes fit together it will be hard to complete, but IT and the business need to work together to create a solution.

The Island of Lauropia

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Lauropia, a wonderful society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island's air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Lauropia is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Lauropia the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains that are perfect for skiing. On the South side of the Lauropia clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Lauropia is the perfect place to live. On the island every person would be treated as an equal. No one person would think or act like they were better than someone else. There would be no racism present, all types of people would reside here and get along together. It wouldn't matter if you were African American, Caucasian, Asian, Spanish, Mexican or any other race each and every individual would treat each other the same. Whether a person was heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual wouldn't matter. Lauropians wouldn't judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There would be a diverse amount of different religions that would not criticize the other religions for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions would get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on each faith. The Lauropians would be involved in a wide variety of sports and leisure activities all year long. This would be made possible because of the extreme temperature differences on the North and South sides of the mountain. The North side would always be cold so the citizen could go skiing and snowboarding at the Lauropian Mountain Resort. The resort would offer a wide variety of different leveled slopes for the skiers on one half of the mountain. On the other half of the mountain there would be a Snowboard Park consisting of a slopes and half pipes strictly for the snowboarders. A snow tubing park would also be available for any whom has interest in snow tubing. There would family tubes and single tubes available for use. For all the snow mobilers on Lauropia, The Lauropian Mobile Park will be open for their riding enjoyment. All these activities and more on North Lauropia will have minimal charges to take advantage of the facilities. On the warm and sunny South Lauropia, the beaches will be clean and free of charge for all citizens. The beaches would have volleyball courts open to anyone. At the piers there would be docks where people could rent Jet Ski's, Speed Boats, Yachts, and Party Boats for their recreational pleasure. Sidewalks and paths would be on hand for Lauropians to roller blade, skateboard, ride bikes, and run, jog, or walk. Boating trips would also be available that take groups out in the middle of the ocean to scuba dive and snorkel. Throughout the whole island shopping centers, eateries, and sports complexes of all types will be accessible. Any store imaginable would exist for the Lauropians to shop for their wants and needs. The women would be in shopping heaven with the amount and variety of stores available to them. The amounts of places to eat would be incredible. They would range from places like Burger King and McDonalds, to Chi Chi's and Lone Star, to five star restaurants. Any type of food that a person had a craving for would be accessible. Sports Complexes would be placed all over the island for Lauropians to participate in any athletic event that they enjoyed. There would be football, baseball, field hockey, softball, soccer, and lacrosse fields. Indoor and outdoor courts for tennis players would be accessible. If there were any sports that a person or group of people would want to play and the facilities were not available the Lauropian Sports Board would do their best to make them available. The Lauropian Society would always try to make the island enjoyable for each person. Schooling would be one of the most important aspects of life on the island. It will be required for all citizens to start their education at elementary school level and continue up to collegiate level. It would not be required, but if the parents wanted to start sending their children to nursery or preschool the facilities would be open for use free of charge. All schooling on the island would be free of charge because education is of great importance to the people of Lauropia. The schools would administer the best education possible. There would be a large variety colleges available for students to choose from depending on their individual or dual major. If a person decided that they did not want to finish their schooling, being banished from the island would punish them. When and if the person decides they want to come back to island to finish their education the school board will have a meeting and decide if that certain person deserves to be let back on the island. On most occasions the student will be allowed to come back. Once a person graduates from college and gets a job, if they decide they want to go back to college to further their education, the company that they work for will usually give them funding for it. Students will be required to go to school for nine months out of the year. Altogether students would be required to attend seventeen years of schooling. In order to insure that the students would be getting an excellent education the teachers would have to take a Teaching Exam every five years. If the teachers fail to complete the requirements and the written section of the test they will not be permitted to teach for one year. After the period of time is up the teacher may retake the test and if he or she passes it, they will then be allowed to teach again. Teachers would also be required to go back to college annually and take two courses to broaden their knowledge. All measures would be taken that would be necessary to maintain the finest quality of education for Lauropians. The citizens of Lauropia would be able to make up their own laws and rules. Each year the members the government would sit down and revise the laws from the years before if necessary. Each community on Lauropia would have representatives that would go around and take ideas and thoughts on how the island could be changed and run to make it better place to live. Laws would never be passed if a large number of people on the island disagreed with them. The main concern that the government would have is the Lauropians happiness.

Woman Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Woman Renaissance - Essay Example One such case of women renaissances lies in the curiosity that came up amongst women in modern Europe following the recognition of a patriarchal order in society thus women were put in their own unique situation to engage in their desires. This is especially so in England, where women discovered overcame the issue of contemporary dressing that was common at that time and adopted a more adventurous dress code. The above-mentioned dress code defied their role as people who stayed at home and away from the public limelight for preservation of a pure bloodline, and made them into suspicious beings in the eyes of men. The women’s revolution further covered the ownership of property by women, where to many, if any could own property. Concerning those that owned property it was regarded as highly unusual as it was unlikely in the first place for a woman to have property of any kind in her own name. In this case property was totally patriarchal in that it could only be passed to male members of a family (McKay 395). Looking at merchant families reveals that in spite of family background in terms of religious differences and only allowed inheritance through the male line. The different social backgrounds that were overlooked by this patriarchal tendency include religion and social values, as all this was embedded in classical values as shown by the sidelines at which women were kept. There were also leadership issues towards the renaissance of women in early modern Europe, where there was debate about female rulers, where royal born women were given an education and rights (McKay 393). This was part of the renaissance in that it openly defied gender roles and partially welcomed female responsibility, where women could be rulers. In addition, ownership of property was fully meant for the glory of men, where they were to be honored and respected by women at all times since they were at the mercy of men. These also involved keeping women away from public life and we re isolated at home in an attempt to ensure that their fertility was preserved towards the purity of bloodlines. This is in an attempt to ensure that male line of inheritance was purely familial and not from bastard sons. The above is termed as part of keeping man away from evil following biblical accounts stating that Eve was the villain that brought about suffering unto man thus purity as further depicted by the story of the virgin Mary had to be maintained (McKay 396). In addition, this occurred by keeping women isolated in their homes, where even artwork in the form of paintings indicate the isolation of women by being drawn next to windows (McKay 417). This is especially so in the case of England and France, where the church had a strong influence and only served to ensure that the traditionalist trends of the day and age were followed. This serves towards showing the lack of a renaissance for women in modern Europe due to religious lines and traditionalist ideologies that kept women away from owning property and even having a life outside of their houses as they were seen as treacherous beings (McKay 396). In addition to this, their sense of worth was highly demeaned, as their parents had to pay bride price for their marriage making the perception towards them be highly negative as they were of no economic worth except bringing expenses. However, women did have a renaissance in early modern Europe, as it brought about curiosity, as earlier mentioned in the concept of sexuality, only that in this case it was drawn towards knowledge. During this time, there arose a sense of awareness amongst women who strived to have more knowledge and overcome their conventional roles

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Six Sigma - Essay Example Etc. This concept is also focusing on TRIZ, a problem solving methodology widely adopted in Russia. In this concept, brain storming (random Idea Generation), problem formulation, systematic analysis etc are used. The main aim of Six Sigma is customer satisfaction and product improvement, then only profitability and reduction in cost will sustain. It is providing the product which is ‘defect free process and products’. Six Sigma process is defined as the series of steps and activities that take inputs provided by the suppliers and value provide output for their customers. The Management tries to identify the most important 20 to 30 processes in their business. After identifying these process, the management tries to measure the sigma performance of these processes. The management then tries to identify the lowest performing processes that is having a direct impact on company’s performance. A project team is being formed for improving the poor performance processes. They will retained for a period of 4 to six months wherein they will be having a thorough study on these poor performance processes and taking corrective steps for its improvement to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. â€Å"Unlike other quality initiatives, Six Sigma has a strategic component aimed at not only developing managements commitment to Six Sigma, but their active involvement.† (George Eckes. Wiley, 2003. p.16). Six Sigma as a management strategy is a method for obtaining the objectives of the business. The five major Strategic business objectives are 1. Revenue 2. Profit Margin 3. Customer Satisfaction 4. Growth 5. Employee Satisfaction. In order to implement a Six Sigma strategy the responsibility of management is to identify the important process of the organization and measure their effectiveness and efficiency and to make further improvement for the worst performing process. Six Sigma tactics helps to accomplish greater

THE BLIND ASSASSIN BOOK BY MAGARET ATWOOD (Book Report) Essay

THE BLIND ASSASSIN BOOK BY MAGARET ATWOOD (Book Report) - Essay Example This sense that somehow Iris was once whole and is now damaged is communicated, when she calls herself â€Å"†¦a brick-strewn vacant lot where some important building used to stand.† (Atwood 43)1 It becomes clear later that her ruin is of her own making, brought about through her deliberate blindness towards her own motivations that underlay the choices she made. Thus she says: I did believe, at first, that I only wanted justice. I thought my heart was pure. We do like to have such good opinions of our own motives when we’re about to do something harmful, to someone else. (497) In old age, Iris is painfully aware of at least some of her motives. However, she is still not entirely honest because it is quite clear that she knew ‘back then’ as well. Thus â€Å"we do like to have such good opinions of our own motives† (497) communicates a sense of ‘deliberate’ self-deception. Her primary punishment is reserved for Laura, for the role she played in the lives of Richard and Alex and perhaps also because she was ‘good’. She also vindictively destroyed her husband’s career. What was it she wanted? Nothing much. Just a memorial of some kind. But what is a memorial, when you come right down to it, but a commemoration of wounds endured? Endured and resented. Without memory there is no revenge.† (508) Revenge then was what Iris had wanted all along. This manifests itself also clearly in the spiteful way in which she communicates Alex’s death to Laura. â€Å"Laura, I hate to tell you this, I said, but whatever it was you did, it didn’t save Alex. Alex is dead.† (488) This ‘whatever’ Laura did to save Alex was giving in to Richard’s sexual demands and Iris was fully aware of Laura’s ‘martyr’ mindset. Her sister had been a heavy burden to the young Iris and once, after Laura tried to sacrifice herself for her dead mother, Iris had been close to ‘letting go’. Now destroying Laura’s

Corporate strategy paper exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate strategy paper exam - Essay Example The other companies make greater use of the vegetable oil, which result in the better shelf life of their product. 4) The other key issue is that the company's chocolates are seasoned. For example the box chocolates show the sales of almost 35% during the period of 10 weeks before the Christmas, a further 10% are for the Easter, including three million Easter eggs. Typically the company sells almost 10m in last 72 hours of Christmas. 5) Chocolates of the company are hand made this makes the process of automated packing difficult for the boxed chocolate. The other companies on the other hand like Cadburys make moulded chocolates, which makes the automated packing easier. 6) Thornton's long-term strategy included vertical integration and product differentiation. This means the top person in the company belonged to a particular family. The product differentiation apart from the taste of the chocolate was also marked by the freshness of the chocolate. the company that has made such a huge selling of their product. Also freshness has been receiving the top priority. It is these factors, which laid strong foundation stone of the company for it future growth and expansion. of Thorntons'chocolates. ... 2) Strong network of retailing stores: For any manufacturing company the most crucial requirement is the excellent network of franchisee. Thornton' has its own retailing outlets, hence there is much more lesser dependency on external marketing strategy or the franchisee. 3) Freshness of the chocolate: Freshness of the product is the distinctive feature of Thorntons'chocolates. However, since the demand of company's chocolates is seasonal this puts extra pressure on requirement of the manpower during the peak season. The requirement of casual staff for packing purposes increases which leads to reduction in efficiency. Also the sales during peak season become almost ten fold hence there is requirement of extra staff at the retail stores also during the peak season. This makes the company more dependent on the casual staff. The casual staffs are quite expensive and it is not easily available. As it is the requirement of the casual staff in general in the market is more during the festive seasons. Also the casual staff is untrained, hence it has to be trained, which requires some of the resources of the company. The casual staffs have lower speed of working thus reducing the efficiency. The other critical issue is that the chocolates have lower shelf life, this makes it difficult for the company to sale the chocolates through alternative retail outlets like the garages, super markets and small shops. This reduces the market of the company, which could help the company during off peak periods. 4) Company's chocolates are seasonal: The maximum sale of the chocolates manufactured by the company is during seasons like Christmas and Easter. Now the company has a huge manufacturing infrastructure. It also has wide

Unit 2 Assignment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 2 Assignment - Speech or Presentation Example Any company success depends on its employees. Satisfied employee will motivate to give their best and unsatisfied employees will not give their 100 percent, will engage himself and other in unproductive activities and if find opportunity on another company, will leave job. An individual’s job satisfaction could be different on intrinsic, extrinsic, and benefits. Individuals overall job satisfaction increases the chance of company success. Majority (76%) of the participants are male. Only, 24% of the participants are female. Figure 1 shows the â€Å"tenure with company† distribution by gender. The â€Å"tenure with company† distribution for male is approximately same for tenure less than 2 year (36.8%), 2 to 5 years (31.6%), and over 5 years (31.6%). The â€Å"tenure with company† distribution for female is less than 2 year (33.3%), 2 to 5 years (16.7%), and over 5 years (50.0%). There is chance of 63.6% that an individual will be a salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction value is 5 or more. Therefore, there is chance of 36.4%% that an individual will be a salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction value is less than

Allocation of Funds in the DOE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Allocation of Funds in the DOE - Essay Example This document will show the reasons for the re-allocation of the monies toward viable sources of energy, and will also outline the importance of energy conservation as a tool in adjusting from hydrocarbon fuel sources to the alternative energy source formats. Current Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2011 Projected Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2012 $100M Nuclear Energy $100M Nuclear Energy $145M Fossil Fuels $45M Fossil Fuels, until projected phase-out $75M Alternative Energy Sources ($40M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($90M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($15M for Solar Energy) ($10M for Wind) ($25M for Wind) ($10M for Biomass) ($0 for Water Power) ($40M for Water Power) $30M Energy Conservation and Weatherization $50M Energy Conservation and Weatherization Our planet is in crisis. We are technologically more advanced than ever, but our advancement comes at a price. We need to face the reality that our energy consumption is far exceeding the fuel resources we are using to sustain our lifestyle. Wood, coal, petroleum - each resource we have employed since we discovered how to turn energy into power has become a part of the global problem which it is now too late to solve: how do we save our planet from ourselves? In reviewing the alternatives for energy sources and the technologies currently exploring those alternatives it is my recommendation, based upon the book The End of Oil by Paul Roberts, that the following areas merit the bulk of the available funds: Energy Conservation and Weatherization, Nuclear Energy, and of the alternative energy sources that have been explored, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. The abundance of a given resource is a deciding factor in determining which technologies merit funding. The question is which resource will carry us the farthest, making it the most worthy of investment? Let us consider the merits of the various resources, starting with coal, which falls under the category of fossil fuels. Coal was literally the corner stone of the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the last century. (27, Roberts) However, in the twenty-first century, with a century of pollution having adulterated our environment, Roberts points out that we have no choice but to consider cleaner sources of energy. Coal did, however, replace wood as an energy source, and it was able to achieve a technological leap previously impossible with wood: â€Å"Newcomen’s engine took the process one step further, by converting the heat energy from combustion into the physical, or mechanical, energy of work.† (28) Still, as a renewable energy source, it is found lacking. Coal and other fossil fuels are finite resources, making them unworthy of further financial investment. The Department of Energy is hereby charged with managing the re-allocation of funds to renewable sources of energy. The Department of Energy must also utilize the re-allocated funds in the Energy Conservation category to maximum advantage, for the following reason: â€Å"Changing our energy sources has historically been a highly disruptive process.† (15, author) This is to say that whenever people have negotiated the transition from one energy source to another, the change is slow to take effect because the existing technology works best with the resources currently

Summary on cpc (cyclic pipeline computer) an architecture suited for Essay

Summary on cpc (cyclic pipeline computer) an architecture suited for josephson and pipelined memory machines - Essay Example This ensures that the two devices are naturally pipelined using a similar pitch time. At the same time, advanced control technique could be used to speed up computation in each instruction stream. This technique is used in high performance computers that see to it that each stage of instruction processing and data references is made from different memories. Thus, overlapped memory access and processor instructions are performed at a much faster rate through multiple instruction streams that take place in a cyclic manner. Research carried out on the new CPC that is based on the silicon technology has found that there is an improvement in the cost/performance ratio as it operates at a much higher speed using the three-phase clock (Shimizu et al 831). At the same time, the CPC device makes use of a three input majority through DCFP which makes it easy to realize a negation. Similarly, the power consumption is much lower which allows for a high-density

Global Climate change abstract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Climate change abstract - Assignment Example includes oil and coal deposits, limestone, and carbon-rich shale while the surface reservoirs include the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and living biomass. The long-term carbon cycle refers to the exchange of carbon between the Earth, oceans, and the atmosphere. It entails the reaction of carbon dioxide with water and rock silicate or carbonate forming magnesium, calcium bicarbonate, and silica, which then dissolve in the ocean. Heat and pressure release the carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the short-term carbon cycle denotes its exchange between the surface reservoirs, which is rapid. Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and ocean involves photosynthesis, solubility, and carbonate pump. Dissolved carbon dioxide decreases water pH (8.2 to 8.05) decreasing carbonate concentration and hence lessening the stability of aragonite and calcite essential for skeleton and shell formation. Therefore, acidification of water by carbon dioxide affects the reproduction of cal cifying organisms. Acidification of the water also causes increased levels of nutrients, zinc, copper and toxic metals affecting the ecosystem. Earth’s energy balance refers to the balance of solar radiation and the energy that radiates to space that affects the earth’s temperature. The solar constant, which is 1,367 watts per square meter, measures the amount of solar electromagnetic radiation. Received radiation on Earth depends on seasons and distance of the surface from the sun. Albedo is a measure of the total incident light on the surface reflected back to space. It relies on the nature of the surface. Emission of radiation from the matter occurs in the form of IR radiation. Energy transfer to the atmosphere happens in the form of latent and sensible heat. Climate change is subject to forcing factors including greenhouse gasses, aerosols and changes in solar irradiance and land cover. Greenhouse gasses such as methane, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide

Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Education Essay A Catholic Early Childhood Program endeavours to provide an environment and educational experience that is concerned with the development of each child as a whole person, and which acknowledges his/her innate spirituality. It seeks also to foster a religious awareness through meaningful everyday life experiences. This religious education experience endeavours to complement and support that which is offered through the home environment. Early Childhood Education lays the foundation for further schooling and provides the initial interface between home and school in a child’s life. Recognising parents as the first educators of their children, early childhood education seeks to build upon home learning. In establishing programs for young children it is important to remember that Catholic schooling is intentionally directed to the holistic development of students from within, assisting them to become fully integrated human persons. Our Early Childhood Program will provide an environment and educational experience which acknowledges the innate spirituality of every child, fosters the child’s ability to wonder, experience awe,overcome difficulties, love others and reflect God, their Creator. The Program will: ? Recognise that learning is a gift from God and the role of parents, as the first Educators of their children, is seen as vital. ? Recognise, value and build upon the child’s prior knowledge. ? Understand the: o Importance of developing problem solving and thinking strategies through play. o Structure through which young children experience their world. o Experiences necessary to give form to the child’s world which are expressed symbolically  through language, numbers, representations, movement, models and metaphor. ? Listen to children and their families, respecting their values, cultures, experiences and provide opportunities which support learning. ? Closely observe, describe and record the children’s efforts and achievements by monitoring progress and planning experiences which build on their knowledge, understandings, skills, attitudes and values. ? Facilitate a challenging environment which motivates and enriches learning and gives the child the opportunity to experience: o Independence and guidance o Free choice and direction o Incidental moments and planned activities o Child initiated and teacher navigated o Individual and group work o Free inquiry and explicit teaching The aims of our Early Childhood Education Program are to encourage children to: ? Develop a positive self image. ? Love learning and value their individual learning styles. ? Be responsible for their learning. ? Respect their own knowledge, background and culture. ? Take risks, persist and be self-paced with their learning.? Know, understand and use their personality, talents, personal ways of being creative. ? Learn through problem based play activities by doing and being actively involved. ? Learn through adults and others who scaffold their endeavours. ? Respect, value and accept all people. ? Experience the joy in the mystery and wonder of the universe. ? Feel valued and safe. PRE KINDY PROGRAM Pre Kindy is an educational program for children aged three years. The program is play based and provides children with meaningful experiences that promote the development of spiritual, social,  emotional, language, intellectual, creative and physical skills. These sessions focus on the child’s unique stage of development and the understanding that all children vary in their individual development. The teachers will create a caring, safe and stimulating environment that will nurture the child’s disposition to wonder, explore and construct meaning about the world. KINDERGARTEN Our Kindergarten Program aims to provide a relaxed, secure environment where children can develop at a pace appropriate to their uniqueness. Our Kindergarten Program will focus on all areas of human development – spiritual, emotional, physical, social, creative and intellectual with activities designed to assist your child to experiment and explore in ways that foster learning in an informal and fun way. PRE-PRIMARY CENTRE Infant Jesus School offers five full days of Pre-Primary experience from the beginning of the year. A close working relationship between Pre-Kindy, Kindergarten, Pre-Primary and Primary staff and students facilitates a smooth transition to Year One.

Impact of Education Choice on Public Funds Essay Example for Free

Impact of Education Choice on Public Funds Essay Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. Though the U. S. Supreme Court declared school desegregation in the 1954 ruling on the famous â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education case, the state of Mississippi did not allow racially or ethnically different students to mix together in schools until 1970, sixteen years after the 1954 Supreme Court ruling, according to the Civil Rights Timeline, created by the Mississippi Humanities Council at Southern Mississippi. Brown v. Board of Education prompted parents in Mississippi to create nonpublic and charter schools in efforts to keep schools segregated. Legislation and School Choice in Mississippi At the present time, Mississippi doesn’t truly offer school choice. There is no private school choice program. Parents are not given money from the state to send their children to private or parochial schools. The Education Commission of the States reports that Mississippi has enacted a mandatory inter-district school open enrollment policy. Students can move between school districts- but that is not guaranteed for those who want to change schools. Both the sending and receiving school boards must approve it. Mississippis Constitution prohibits the appropriation of any state education funds for the support of sectarian schools or private schools (Miss. Const. Art. 8, Sec. 208). Though at the same time, state accreditation is mandatory for nonpublic schools receiving state funds. According to State Regulation of Private Schools, (June 2000), Mississippi law provides free textbooks on loan to pupils in all elementary and secondary schools in the state (Miss. Code Ann.  § 37-43-1 et seq). The loan of textbooks to qualified private schools does not violate Mississippis constitutional prohibition against public support of sectarian schools or the control of educational funds by religious sects. Private, parochial or denominational schools accepting free school textbooks on behalf of their students must file annual reports as required by the State Board of Education (Miss. Code Ann.  § 37-43-51). Throughout the years, numerous bills to give vouchers or tax credits/ tax deductions have died in House Committees. It was allowed to die in 2009. During the 12 years that the law was on the books, only one traditional public school converted to a public charter school. Senate Bill 2721 is the latest bill in regards charter schools. This current bill is one authorizing new start-up charter schools to be established in Mississippi recently passed the State Senate and is now being taken up in the House of Representatives. Senate Bill 2721, which passed the senate by a vote of 50-2 in February, authorizes five new start-up charter schools to be established in the state. With this bill, the school can be brand new, not a failing school converting to a charter. Local school boards would have the first look at proposals, but authorization power would still rest solely with the state board of education. According to Bill 2721, the definition of a start-up charter school is â€Å"a public school operating under the terms of a charter granted by the State Board of Education with the approval of the local school board or school boards on the application of an eligible entity and may draw its students from across public school district boundaries† (Harrison, 2010) . Previous attempts to expand charter schools in Mississippi were shot down by fears of racial segregation. Some fear that it is a backdoor attempt to re-segregate many of Mississippi’s public schools, though supporters point out that a majority of charter school students in many parts of the country are minorities. â€Å"There’s been some resistance from the Mississippi Association of Educators and other groups that say you’re taking money from public education,† Watson continued (Harrison, 2010). â€Å"That’s an absolute falsity—this is public education† (Harrison, 2010). Opposition still remains from some caucus members and from teacher unions (Heartland. org). Those who oppose the potential implementation of charter schools believe the schools will be taking away students, resources and funding from a public school system that is already heavily financially burdened. Impacts on Funding and Analysis Mississippi charter schools are eligible for the same funding as regular schools. They may receive federal, state, local or private funding. They are not taxing authorities and may not levy taxes or request tax increases in order to generate funding. Charter schools are funded with taxes, but operate with more flexibility and fewer restrictions than the traditional public schools. Often times, charter schools have a special emphasis, such as on the art or the sciences. According to the Mississippi Code of 1972, â€Å"the State Board of Education may give charter schools special preference when allocating grant funds other than state funds for alternative school programs, classroom technology, improvement programs, mentoring programs or other grant programs designed to improve local school performance†. Allowing charter schools to be created will minimally decrease the funding that public schools receive. Minimal because at most only five charter schools will come into existence and they will be spread throughout the state, not centralized in one location. The amount of funding will still be based on the number of students enrolled in the schools. Charter schools traditionally keep their numbers small. Jackson public schools is the third largest district in the state of Mississippi, none of these legislations are negatively impacting the funding of the district. Even the state law allowing book loans to private schools has not taken away from the students of JPS. It has been speculated that having a charter school law would make Mississippi eligible for more grants through the Race to the Top program, which is part of the stimulus package passed last year by Congress and signed into law by Obama. If this speculations is true, then all districts in the state are losing funds due to lack of charter schools. But the state Department of Education has said the lack of a charter school law would not prevent Mississippi from being eligible for the grants through the program (heartland. org).

Differences Between Intergovernmentalism And Constructivism Regarding The Eu Politics Essay

Differences Between Intergovernmentalism And Constructivism Regarding The Eu Politics Essay When considering these two theories in defining approaches to describe the European Union, we face the debate of agents versus structures. A constructivist approach means that it considering individual actors inside the structures in which they operate to have a significant impact on shaping their identity and behavior. Moreover, constructivism conceives of structures not only as material, but also social. Furthermore, these structures are not only constraints on behavior. Actors environment has a constitutive effect on actors identities on the basis of which they conceive their interests (Sedelmeier, 2005). Clearly, constructivism then takes into account the social factor, the one ignored by rational theory of maximum utility. For the EU, this means that it is not only an economic environment, one based on a materialistic approach. In fact, it is a cultural and social environment which shapes actors identities and interests (Sedelmeier, 2005). For constructivists the claim is that t hey study the integration of the European Union as a process (Cini, 2007). For constructivists then the focus becomes the formation, origins and evolution of identities, behavior related to languages and its role in political discourse, the role of social institutions etc. When we talk about constructivists we should see how the behavior regarding evolution of economic units, political institutions etc. emerges not because of material differences emerging in the economy but because of the process of emerging European identities (Cini, 2007) and the role social factors such as language , ideas and societal norms in these emerging identities. The liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) approach is based on political bargaining of states between governments, as in the case of treaties and reforms. In this approach, the power does not rest in social behavior or agents; in fact it is the political elite which has the power to improve interstate relations. The interaction then is between two forces; the member states and the EU Councils. In other words, This generally involves a two-stage process of negotiation. First, governments must resolve the policy problems that confront them; taking decisions to that effect; and only after that do they try to reach agreement on institutional mechanisms which would allow them to implement those decisions (Cini, 2007). As mentioned before, the political elite, meaning the governments of the member states are the main actors and the EU remains a forum for bargaining (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). This theory holds that only the member state governments have the autonomy and can design the institutional system of the EU (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). The limitations that this approach faces, especially when compared to constructivism is the fact that both theories slightly undermine the pace and the extent of the integration process and the autonomy that the EU has gained over the years in the sense that it has been increasingly ratifying treaties which have given more power to the Union. References: Cini, M. (2007). European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. Fukuda, K., Akiba, H. (2003). European Governance After Nice. Routledge. Sedelmeier, U. (2005). Constructing the Path to Eastern Enlargement. Manchester University Press. How do Multi-Level Governance understandings of the EU describe, and explain the advent of, the present EU political system? When discussing the integration of the EU as an institution, the arguments between intergovernmentalists and constructivist, as well as supranationalist, federalist and confederalist approaches are somewhat diminished by the theory surrounding multi level governance of the EU; indeed, it has given way to the fact that the EU operates more as a single European Regime or European polity (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). Multi level governance considers the role of the State in decision making as important, but not entire. In fact, decision making competencies are shared by actors at different levels rather than monopolized by national governments (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). This of course means that the decision making rests with the supranational institutions- the European Parliament, European Commission and the European Court. These institutions have independent influence in policy making (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). The two other important factors which are taken into account by multi level governance ar e the collective decision making process; i.e. policies enforced across the EU without wholehearted from all the national states and the sharing of control and autonomy relating to domestic politics between national governments and supranational institutions. This obviously refers to the fact that politics at the international and domestic level are greatly interconnected, a theory on which the multi level governance model is based. One of the examples of multi level governance and the perceived limited autonomy of the nation state in the EU is displayed by the majority voting system in the EU Council of Ministers. This voting can be on issues relating to internal trade, the environment, research policy (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). So in relation to the definitions discussed above, how would a multi level governance system explain the EU of today, and secondly, why would such a system be supported considering that it is taking power away from national actors and placing it with bodies at a supranational level? The answer is to consider the other actors present in nation states who might on one hand affect policy making, actors such as pressure groups and interest groups. The Council of Ministers is only represented by governments, not other actors. This might be looked on as an advantage by national governments in policy enforcement. Secondly, the EU itself has huge arenas of policy making and regulation under its umbrella, a most important one being trade. The trade benefits that member states receive are a result of greater integration of the European market. The concept of multi level governance is parallel to that of integration but analyzed differently because it focuses more on the various territorial lev els policy making has stretched over and how authority has shifted. There has been a drift of authority from the national to the European level which forces us to think of it as a political system across multiple levels including national and subnational arenas of action as well as the institutional environment of Brussels (Cini, 2007). Parallel to integration, we can see that the governance itself rests with multiple bodies of policy making and legislation, in the form of the evolution of the EU from a mere economic body to that of an organization consisting of its own Parliament, a Court (ECJ) and a Council of Ministers, all far reaching institutions that a single treaty establishing a European Coal and Steel Community. The idea behind this argument rests in the framework with which Europeanization scholars define the process of integration and the institutional changes taking place in the EU. The focus has shifted from thesis defining the framework to closely analyze the causal relationship surrounding the procedural changes, for instance, that of EUs domestic impact. It might be termed as a second generation of European studies (Gualini, 2004). The stress however, has recently shifted from policy at the international level to the way in which integration has affected national governments (Archer, 2008). The rationale behind this shift is the question that how European integration has affected domestic administrative practices and structures (Archer, 2008). This is more of a top-down approach toward Europeanization (Borzel, Risse, 2003). It is necessary to see the way Europeanization has affected domestic policies and institutions because it helps in understanding the integration process better bec ause according to one theory, policies enacted by the European Union must create some misfit in the administrative policies on a domestic level and this I one reason why change or adaotaion takes place on the domestic level (Borzel, Risse, 2003). This opinion is supported by rational choice institutionalism, simple that the process of change is initiated by greater distribution of power among the domestic administrative powers because interest groups might find opportunities in EU policies which could provide them with ways to pursue their own interests, if only they recognize such opportunities. Secondly, it also suggests that Europeanization leads to domestic change through a differential empowerment of actors resulting from a redistribution of resources at the domestic level (Borzel, Risse, 2003). The distribution of power is one reason why theorists have shifted from analyzing Europeanization in theory only, but in fact, have concentrated in recent times to see what extent chang e at the domestic level has been brought around by the process of Europeanization. The second way in which domestic change has been analyzed is through the lens of the constructivist perspective or logic of appropriateness. In this case, European policies and norms affect domestic processes by exerting adaptational pressures (Borzel, Risse, 2003) through change agents and other informal actors in the political processes. This is also supported by the collective learning process and connects more with the opinion of how new identities are formed through collective learning and social change. Essentially it is important to note that Europeanization as a policy offers new standards of policy to be implemented on the domestic level through political processes of implementation which in turn affects polity which affects domestic-level institutions, e.g. judiciary, public institutions, economic institutes etc. As one analyst puts it, The issue is no longer whether Europe matters but how it matters, to what degree, in what direction, at what pace, and at what point of tim e (Borzel, Risse, 2003). This is the reason through which the European Union, less as a policy and more as an institute of political change at the domestic level, is studied to understand the causal mechanisms of change. References: Archer, C. (2008). The European Union. Taylor Francis. Borzel, T., Risse, T. (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford University Press. Gualini, E. (2004). Multi-level Governance Political Change. Ashgate Publishing. Why has the EU relied so much on economic integration to deepen the integration process as a whole? In 1951 the Treaty of Paris established the European Coal and Steel Community, one of the first formal steps taken toward European integration. Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister at that time was of the opinion that a united Europe was essential for peace in the region. The reason why EU has relied so much on economic integration depends mostly on the objectives of integration. After a war torn Europe, the idea was to rebuild Europe and also to defend against a future war which would serve as a destabilizing and destructing force for all of Europe. Economic integration was, and is, a rationale to serve a higher purpose, which is both economic and political (Molle, 2006). The economic integration would mean that the states would rather serve as a collective economic entity than an individual one. The benefits of this are increasing chances of peace and security in the reason because economies are interdependent. Greater dependence on each other economically means that chances of armed conflict between them would be minimal (Molle, 2006). The framework for the European Union can be said to have laid down when the Marshall Plan was introduced with the objective of the reconstruction of Western Europe. The introduction of the though of a unified European Steel production body thus was seen by both Schuman and Monnet as a realistic way in which conflict could be avoided. In Schumans word, the solidarity in the production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable but materially impossible (Jovanovic, 2005). In other words, the objective of peace is much more easily obtained when economies are linked together. Another important factor which proved once again the success of economic integration, relatively to integration progress in other areas, was the abolishment of all internal tariffs. This took place approximately a year and half before the Treaty of Rome was ratifies (Jovanovic, 2005). The result was economic benefits which ranged over a variety of industries, exports and imports and was the main attractive feature which cause Britain to apply for membership to the EC. Economy, it was seen, was a core feature which resulted in expansion of the EU and caused potential member states to right their situations, to improve their economic performance to be eligible to be apart of the EU. The arguments which have been used by pro-integration forces have therefore been focusing on the benefits obtained from economic integration, namely, increase in welfare by an increase in GDP per capita. A common economic ground formed on the basis of integration gives way to common policy ideals or support of policies which would strengthen, not weaken, the economic integration and vice versa. The Treat of Lisbon came into effect as a result of the global financial crisis and what it meant for the economy of the EU as a whole. The purpose was to control the situation financially inside the EU markets to promote financial stability and to offer security against unstable financial markets in whatever way possible. Since the monetary and financial markets of the EU are connected through means of a common currency, i.e. the Euro, financial crisis has the power to economically destabilize the entire region and there should be safeguards to minimize this threat. As a result, a European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and a European Stability Mechanism (ESM) has been set up to provide financial aid packages to countries severely affected by the financial crisis. For changes introduced in the European political sphere, the Lisbon Treaty takes into account the difference between delegated and executive acts, a distinction which was not considered by previous Treaties (Ponzano, 2008). Overall, this change means that the European Parliament has been granted a much stronger role than before whereby the Commission takes responsibility for delegated acts under the direct control of the European Parliament and the Council, giving each of the possibility of opposing the measure or revoking the delegation (Griller, Ziller, 2008). The second important political change the Treaty brings about is the double majority voting in the Qualified Majority Voting System in the European Council. The European Council also gains the status of a full European Union institution. The result of course, shows that the Lisbon Treaty granted more powers to the European Parliament, followed by the European Council. The Treaty of Lisbon has its roots in the failed ratification of the Constitutional Treaty. Establishing a Constitution for Europe has been a long-term shadow over European integration, a step that not many of the member states have been willing to take. Some questions put forth by Piris show considerable insight into the Lisbon Treaty and the circumstances surrounding it. For instance, is the Lisbon a mere repackaging of the Constitution of Europe (Piris, 2010)? Indeed the Lisbon Treaty has granted powers to the Parliament, the Court of Justice and the Commission to ensure greater balance of power in the EU. Secondly, the European Parliament, along with the national Parliaments of member states have been given the possibility of intervening directly in the EU legislative process (Piris, 2010). It definitely provides national Parliaments enough power to affect legislative process in the EU. A major difference however, between the Lisbon Treaty and the Constitutional treaty is the aba ndonment of transforming the EU into a federal body. That objective, according to Piris, has been fully deserted to be replaced by Euro-sceptic elements which to some extent limit the power of the EU.

James Fenimore Cooper :: essays research papers

James Fenimore Cooper was born in Burlington, New Jersey on September 15, 1789. He was the eleventh of twelve children born to William and Elizabeth Cooper. When James was one year old the family moved to the frontier, and his father established the settlement of Cooperstown at the head of Susquehanna River. 	Cooper attended a private preparatory school at Albany, New York, and was then admitted to Yale in 1803. He was expelled from there during his junior year because of a silly prank. His family allowed him to join the navy as a midshipman, but he soon found that more discipline was present in the Navy than at Yale. In 1810 Cooper took a furlough, and never returned to active duty. 	After Cooper's father passed in 1809, he received a nice inheritance. Cooper quickly squandered his inheritance, and at thirty was on the verge of bankruptcy. He decided to try his hand at writing as a career. Carefully modeling his work after Sir Walter Scott's successful Waverly Novels, he wrote his first novel in 1820 called Precaution. A domestic comedy set in England, lost money, but Cooper had discovered his vocation. 	Cooper established his reputation after his second novel, The Spy, and in his third book, the autobiographical Pioneers (1823), Cooper introduced the character of Natty Bumppo, a uniquely American personification of rugged individualism and the pioneer spirit. A second book featuring Bumppo, The Last of the Mohicans written in 1826, quickly became the most widely read work of the day, solidifying Cooper's popularity in the U.S. and in Europe. Set during the French and Indian War, The Last of the Mohicans chronicles the massacre of the colonial garrison at Fort William Henry and a fictional kidnapping of two pioneer sisters. Cooper knew few Indians, so he drew on a Moravian missionary's account of two opposing tribes; the Delawares and the "Mingos." Although this characterization was filled with inaccuracies, the dual image of the opposing tribes allowed Cooper to create a lasting image of the Indian that became a part of the American consciousness for almost two cen turies. His public was simultaneously touched romantically at the doomed Indians' fate and justified in abetting their extermination. The hero of the novel, Natty Bumppo, was incredibly popular, a rebel heroically opposed to industrial society, he was a hero who never married or changed his ideals. 	Cooper was a prolific writer, publishing 32 novels, 12 works of nonfiction, a play and numerous pamphlets and articles.

New Developments in Genetic Cloning :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

New Developments in Genetic Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since genetic cloning is a very wide topic, the focus of my paper lies mainly on the new discoveries which might be beneficial to human beings.   The focus of the first section of the paper is on the various cloning techniques geneticists use nowadays.   They techniques included range from the simplest and suitable for all situations, to complicated and suitable for certain areas.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second section of the paper, the longest section, discusses five of the many researches performed over the last five years.   The researches are arranged in descending chronological order, dating from February 1997, to April 1992.   These researches are discussed because they all have one thing in common: they may be beneficial to human beings later on.   For example, the newest entry in my paper, and perhaps the one that shocked the whole world, was the report about the first successful clone mammal from non-embryonic cells.   This will be helpful in the future for patients waiting for organ transplants.   Scientists will be able to clone a fully functional organ, and replace it with the damaged one.   The report on the cloning of the human's morphine receptor is advantageous to us because this helps scientists to develop new analgesics.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third section of the paper contains a brief discussion about the advantages and the disadvantages of genetic cloning.  Ã‚   It speculates how our future will improve due to the technologies we are developing, and also the biggest drawbacks which might come from it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last part of the paper, is the explanation of complicated terms used in this paper.   The terms which will be explained are printed in bold terms throughout the paper.   This section, the glossary, is like the ones which appears in textbooks.    New Developments or Research in Genetic Cloning         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetic cloning is one of the many aspects which has been recently introduced to improve our quality of live.   Researchers are trying to improve our lives everyday applying genetic engineering onto our everyday lives.   Cows can be genetically altered to produce more milk, receptors in our body could be cloned to improve our health.   The techniques and new research reported in this paper is just one tree out of the whole forest of genetic engineering.    Part I:   Techniques of Genetic Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geneticists use different cloning methods for different purposes.   The method used to identify human diseases are different than the method used to clone a sheep.   The following are used techniques in genetic cloning.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recombinant DNA      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In recombinant DNA, the desired segment is clipped from the surrounding DNA and copied millions of times.

Japanese Internment :: Japan War History Essays

Japanese Internment The Virtual Museum Of The City Of San Francisco has established a great source for those interested in studying the internment of Japanese during World War II. This topic is reflected very accurately and fairly in the archives of the museum because the archives consist of primary documents. Their archives of original newspaper articles are the basis of this research document. The content listed on the museum’s web site is very relevant to the topic of Japanese internment because it provides a wealth of primary documents including opinions of ordinary people writing to their newspaper to express a wide variety of viewpoints on the subject of Japanese internment during the Second World War. One question stands above all others and the virtual museum gives a good first-hand account of events to answer it - what happened to the Japanese and why were they forced to move? To answer this question, the archives of the Virtual Museum Of The City Of San Francisco should be consulted. On February 14, 1942 Lt. General J. L. DeWitt, â€Å"commanding general of the Fourth Army and the Western Defense Command[i]† recommended to the War Department, the â€Å"evacuation[ii]† of Japanese living along the Pacific coast, deemed a Military Zone. About 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, many of those people American citizens, living on the West Coast and Southern Arizona were removed from their homes to locations of the government’s choosing. The very term â€Å"evacuation† is misleading to say the least because it suggests that the Japanese were being relocated to protect their safety. The excuses cited by the military were to establish â€Å"broad civil control, anti-sabotage, and counter-espionage measures.[iii]† The reasons given to justify â€Å"evacuation† suggested that the Japanese were a threat to the nation and not the nation a threat to the Japanese. Drawing a dichotomy, the United States Government tried to put a human face on the forced evacuations by claiming America was protecting the Japanese by moving them out of a war zone. The government would claim it was helping the Japanese by relocating the Japanese to a zone of safety outside the military zone. Statements from the government would contradict each other throughout this period of time. For instance, Japanese-Americans were termed â€Å"enemy aliens,† while at the same time, they were encouraged to be good citizens and loyal Americans by enlisting in the war effort, relocating voluntarily, offering no resistance and no questioning of the relocation efforts and activities.

Limitations and Constraints of Marketing Essay

In this assignment I will describe the limitations and constraints of marketing for Barclays. Within this I will discuss legal Acts that Barclays have to comply with when advertising, collecting data and market researching. Any and every organisation has limitations and constraints that they have to submit too within marketing, when it comes to market research, advertising or collecting data there are three laws every business has to obey. These laws are: Data Protection Act 1998 Trade Description Act 1968 Consumer Credit Act 1974 Data Protection Act 1998 The Data Protection Act controls how your personal information is used by businesses or the government. People who are responsible for using data have to follow strict rules called Data Protection Principles. This means they must make sure the information is used fairly and lawfully, specifically stated purposes and used in a way that is acceptable, relevant and not excessive. All information has to be accurate and kept safe and secure. Any companies that keep information on living and identifiable people, all must comply with the Data Protection Act; this has to apply to any computerised or manual records containing personal information about people.  Barclays Bank will use this information, with them having accounts on students etc. they will use their information to send out any type of services or offers the bank is promoting, this is a form of advertising. Barclays may also use this information for market research, for example if the bank wants a review of consumer’s opinions on a new service or if they would be interested in a new service, they can send questions, surveys to the information they have. Trade Description Act 1968 Merchandise Marks laws were replaced with The Trade Descriptions Act this came into place on 20 November 1968, the laws and this new Act dealt with mis-description of goods and its particular job is to ensure that organisations tell the truth about goods, prices and services. This Act makes it an offence if a company uses false trade descriptions to any of their goods and services, this Acts purpose is stop businesses advertising goods or services with false proposition. This Act covers a lot from the quantity, size or measure of goods; how they were made or processed; what they are made of; when they were made; their fitness for purpose; strength, performance, behaviour or accuracy and any other physical characteristics. Barclays will have to obey to this law, they cannot sell, promote a service with false intent. The Student Additions Account’s will have to meet to their description alongside the features included into the account have to be accurate and precise. Consumer Credit Act The Consumer Credit Act was put into effect in 1974, it requires organisations that loan money to consumers or offer merchandise or services on credit or participate in certain additional credit activities, have to be licensed by the OFT. If a company traded without a license, it would then lead to court case, not having your license or following this act is a criminal offence and can result in a fine or imprisonment. This act regulates consumer credits and insures content and form of credit agreement, procedures relating to events of default, termination or early settlement, credit advertising, method of calculating annual percentage rate (APR) and section 75 which gives consumers extra protection on items that cost over  £100 and up to  £30.000 paid by credit card. Before Barclays give out their services to consumers they will assess their  creditworthiness, they will use sufficient information obtained from a customer and a credit reference agency. Once a regulated agreement is in place, Barclays Bank will comply with the law and follow the act. Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) The ASA are an industry that deals with most types of ads, they deal with peoples complaints about advertisements, anything that people may find inappropriate, offensive, irresponsible or potentially harmful. Once a complaint has been made the ASA will do all it can to get the advertisement removed or changed. The types of ads they deal with include: Magazine and newspaper advertisements Radio and TV commercials Television Shopping Channels Advertisements on the Internet. Commercial e-mail and SMS text message ads Posters on legitimate poster sites Leaflets and brochures Cinema commercials Direct mail Door drops and circulars Ads on CD ROMs, DVD and video, and faxes Sales promotions, such as special offers, prize draws and competitions wherever they appear. The ASA will help businesses like Barclays produce adverts that will not be misled and will meet principles and meet standards to a fair nature, these ads should be truthful and responsible. When a company produces any type of advertisement they have to make sure images, scripts they use are acceptable otherwise there ads could be removed or told to change. There are certain things that the ASA do not find acceptable alongside consumers, such as binge drinking, concerns of obesity, smoking all markets should be aware. Pressure groups are people who all have a strong opinion on something and act upon it; if an organisation produced something a pressure group did not agree with it would have a negative impact against the company. Consumerism Consumerism is a movement for people; consumerism protects the customer against useless, inferior, or dangerous products, misleading advertising and unfair pricing. It is rights for all customers to have their say, before 1960 consumers had very little rights, now the law has changed and consumers have a lot more. This was put into place because of consumers wanting to be heard, they wanted a right to choose and to be informed. There are certain things consumers can find offensive or unacceptable, when a marketer makes advertisement they have to be careful about use of language, blasphemy, subjective humour and false sayings. When an organisation like Barclays produces any type of advertising they have to comply with all laws and consumerism, businesses will do this for their own safety as well as customers.

Purpose of Education

fundament Travolta Earl Sullivan Writing 121 28 February 2013 The Right rails When I first started school I did not guess the purpose of my upbringing. I saw it as an new(prenominal)(a) intimacy I was compel to do. All children be obligate to go to school and I debate that because we admit no prize our childhood im years of pedagogy ends up blurry. Gener in aloney when plurality ar forced to do some involvement against their give they develop a lack of motive for the activity. I echo this explains why numerous kids in mere(a) schools be possessed of decided that school is a waste of epoch and that they go intot enjoy it.Since children be regardd to hear school up until geezerhood 16 in the U. S. m whatsoever kids tangle witht realize how lucky they atomic number 18 to be participating in a dissolve upbringing. Young bulk in other parts of the Earth remove to succumb thousands of dollars if they urgency to drag under nonp arils skin amend. Th ese volume leave for their commandment because they check how untold it gage positively social welfargon their lives. I desire I had breaked earlier that nurture is the most of the essence(p) prick for survival. In Earl Shorris phrase entitle In the hold of the Restless Poor he explains that full pile vex been enligh 10ed by the arts and the piteous raft in his fall apart werent.Shorris call jeopardizes that with schooling in the arts the educatees in his trend allow for lead off to reckon that appriseing is their forbiddenperform legal instrument for survival, not guns or knives. The purpose of genteelness is surrounded by the impoverishment for survival. all over the course of human history m each(prenominal) new practices of medicine baffle been developed. It is ingrained that pricy deal be ameliorate in how to stop bleeding from a go against or how to give some nonpareil the heimlich maneuver. If for whatsoever reason humans make to join forces aliment in the wilderness it is heavy to know which intellectual nourishment is okay to finish and which is poisonous.M all mint who are not educated develop obesity because they fagt care ab step forward the information they magnate fetch heard close the risks of ingest unhealthy items same(p) fast food and products containing high fructose corn syrup. Shorris imagines that nurture is substantial for witness toing people dumbfound out of get hold of. Shorris explains that people who are educated in the liberal arts have gained leverage over the people who havent. I mean that with reproduction in the humanities the people in his crystalize were commensurate to ferment political.Political in this context instrument gaining how to communicate with other people for mutual or singular benefit. The people with political minds know how to communicate during an hearing so they have a often higher go on of receiving that job. Learning how to be political offer serving a disciples experience in school. These educatees are not embarrassed to ask questions when they foundert understand assignments. I look that Shorris is commandment his readers how to have the confidence to ask instructors, adults, and peers questions.With the big businessman to ask questions people are suit fit to lease more(prenominal) from their educators because when people are first introduced to a new sen judgment of convictionnt it is difficult to completely understand the idea. The except representation to fully comprehend is by asking the right questions. Shorris teaches us that program line should be the key to poseting out of an impoverished career storystyle. From rooking how to ask questions long learners are adequate to(p) to learn however more from their fosterage. Asking questions can clear understanding and help people understand the full cin ane casept.I agree that direction should be used as a look to escape fr om distress. The totally paradox with didactics cosmos an escape route from distress is that it takes a lot of time and lying-in before people hold back any results. Some people in loss human cosmos power not detect any changes in their lives, m peerlessy wise, until over much(prenominal) afterward after they polish from college. Since many a(prenominal) teenagers preceptort want to wait ten or fifteen years until they ammonium alum from college they turn to bunch conductspan. They see junto life as a focal point to be fitted to support themselves and their family quickly.The caper with anchor ring life is that the members become confine by a surround of force. This convey that at a time they are a multitude member they have a fractious time quitting their gang up and adjusting bum to civil life. This is un handle the force that Shorris speaks rough relating to cr decimateion lament sufficient because many gang members have lives of luxury. I t is related to Shorris idea because I sound off that creation in a gang is like being on other(prenominal) planet. The gang members see no secondary lifestyle to gangs because many of them ordain be killed if they try to leave.If gang members leave their gangs they gaint know any alternating(a) to making money besides execration and they have trouble fitting back into society. If they managed to collect any profit from medicate money they wont be able to use most of it because it realize out be linked to a medicate organization. Even though gang life may seem like a shortcut to a fecund lifestyle, it go a route actually take much overnight than an education because of the dirty money, ascertains of a prison sentence, and the high risk of death.With an education, people are able to learn about the serviceman and what it takes to be wealthy without the risk of a person overdosing on heroin that you interchange them. For example one might learn in school about non- profit organizations and yield their lives to destiny other people get on the right path to success. Earl Shorris make an causal agency to recruit top passing game instructors for his Clemente Classroom. His distinguish was well organized exclusively if without outstanding instructors he feared that his disciples would not benefit from the principle.He was very fortunate that these instructors decided to voluntary their time. Carol St neverthelesss talks very critically of educational institutions in her term empower Formulating new criteria for instructor candidate woof because of their lack of article of belief the correct orders that outflank help students. She complains that institutions develop assumements that makes them look advance in the public eye, instead they need to develop curriculums that focus on victorian techniques that can help individual students more than the collective group.St til nows is focusing on a rush of new instructors being hi re in the year 2000, just now her article can relate to any hiring function that precept administrators go by. It is important that we have some of our brigh stress minds in our country being teachers. A sad fact is that a majority of our very intelligent citizens do not pursue a program line system career because of the low wages. Since we dont have the smar mental testing of smart being enrolled in teacher education programs at universities, St counterbalances writes that our programs need to be even more critical so that our incoming teachers fully understand how to positively change their students lives.When it boils down to the, basics it is the teachers account striking power to educate their students. Whether a teacher succeeds or fails at making a difference depends on the techniques they erudite in college. An incorrect teaching method would be an educator who treats their students like they are coalesced together as one person. Educators like this dont recolle ct about individual students and varied methods of teaching. A poor educator leave behind teach one method to the whole class and be surprised when numerous students dont understand the judgments.Due to poor teacher fostering a teacher might believe that the occupation lies in their students intelligence instead of their teaching methods. It t is an educators job to teach the students that education is a key part of survival. It should not be forgotten that no matter how great of an education a teacher has or the advanced teaching methods they use, students in their class testament not learn anything if they dont listen and work gruelling. It is in any case every individuals certificate of indebtedness to understand that we leave behind not learn if we are not motivate to lift out information.Stevens argues that school districts hiring teachers, and institutions accepting people as education majors have opposite requirements for being accepted and she says this is a prob lem because they are viewed as dangers to the overall achievement of teachers in America. If we have teachers that arent brisk to be teachers then no student go out be able to see what education can do for them. upbringing is supposed to be a tag to survival. That tag end go out not help you if the pilot does not know the becoming way to fly the plane. upbringing should be a key to survival for us and Stevens goes one step further into this theory by making the point that America demand more higher quality teachers if we want our educational system to play an even bigger role in constituent our citizens find success. Stevens does not like how only forty-three states in America require capability teachers to take a licensing test. She wants all fifty states to require a test so incoming teachers can kick upstairs the knowledge theyve wise(p). Stevens believes that teachers are the main people who have the responsibility of educating us and that it is their occupation t o by rights educate us.She believes that an important method of educating students is being able to communicate verbally with them. I find that verbal colloquy is important because face to face conversations gives students an probability to be more individualized with their teachers and once a more personalized family is created, a student will have ask more questions and become do to listen to what their teachers have to say. Stevens discusses the advantages of having an organized lesson plan. Without a termly lesson plan a teacher will not be able to gracefully educate their students because they didnt plan their class time correctly.With a lack of time, the students will not have a chance to fully understand the more multiform ideas in the classroom. Stevens believes that education inevitably to be appropriate for age and grade level. This is a problem that many new educators flirt during their first few years of teaching especially if they have chosen to be an un in volved teacher or halfway school teacher. Proper teaching didactics must be developed by teachers so that the age level they are teaching is able to understand what is button on.If teachers know how to become more personal with their students, have organized lesson plans and use those lesson plans for the age group they are teaching, then education becomes a ticket to survival for their students. With these worthy teaching methods the students will be able learn at a effectual rate and become successful generative members of society. Shorris had great teachers in his Clemente Class and I take if he accepted worsened teachers half of the original sixteen people who graduated from the class would have failed the class.I think that recruiting great teachers into that field of employment will help our intelligence as a nation because I believe that a student can become propel to learn with the help of an educator who invests their time in their students life. I remember in fourt h grade I didnt have very much motive to excel but when I got to ordinal grade a great teacher named Mrs. Kenyon helped me become a come apart student by being strict. She was strict style she cared if we didnt do our work, she wanted us to excel.She b crankyt out the best student in me by making me work real sticky to get the good grades that I wanted. I carried this work ethic by position school, and make clean offed it back up in college when I began understanding how important my education was. Mrs. Kenyon taught me that education is my ticket to survival, my shot at a life with endless opportunities. If Mrs. Kenyon hadnt been taught how to communicate with her one-fifth grade students so well over the course of her life I dont think that I would have been able to pick up the pieces of my life that I broke during high school.When I had motivation to become educated, I was able to realize how much strength I had. She showed me how much potential I have as a student and as a person. today in my college days I am learning many things from my new teachers. I dont think I would understand these great college facts if I hadnt learned about the knowledgeable rewards I receive when I work hard on my school work. Mrs. Kenyon taught me about the rewards because she learned how to be a great teacher in school. I believe Mrs. Kenyon is the teacher that Carol Stevens is drawing a look-alike of in her article.Purpose of Education conjuring trick Travolta Earl Sullivan Writing 121 28 February 2013 The Right fashion When I first started school I did not understand the purpose of my education. I saw it as another thing I was forced to do. All children are forced to go to school and I think that because we have no quality our childhood image of education ends up blurry. Generally when people are forced to do something against their will they develop a lack of motivation for the activity. I think this explains why many kids in elementary schools have decid ed that school is a waste of time and that they dont enjoy it.Since children are required to attend school up until age 16 in the U. S. many kids dont realize how lucky they are to be participating in a shift education. Young people in other parts of the Earth have to carry thousands of dollars if they want to become educated. These people conciliate for their education because they understand how much it can positively benefit their lives. I compliments I had learned earlier that education is the most important tool for survival. In Earl Shorris article entitled In the work force of the Restless Poor he explains that rich people have been educated by the humanities and the poor people in his class werent.Shorris believes that with education in the humanities the students in his class will convey to understand that learning is their best tool for survival, not guns or knives. The purpose of education is surrounded by the need for survival. over the course of human history man y new practices of medicine have been developed. It is essential that people be educated in how to stop bleeding from a suffer or how to give someone the heimlich maneuver. If for some(prenominal) reason humans need to attain food in the wilderness it is important to know which food is okay to eat and which is poisonous.Many people who are not educated develop obesity because they dont care about the information they might have heard about the risks of consume unhealthy items like fast food and products containing high fructose corn syrup. Shorris believes that education is essential for helping people get out of poverty. Shorris explains that people who are educated in the humanities have gained leverage over the people who havent. I mean that with education in the humanities the people in his class were able to become political.Political in this context essence understanding how to communicate with other people for mutual or singular benefit. The people with political minds k now how to communicate during an question so they have a much higher chance of receiving that job. Learning how to be political can help a students experience in school. These students are not embarrassed to ask questions when they dont understand assignments. I think that Shorris is teaching his readers how to have the confidence to ask teachers, adults, and peers questions.With the ability to ask questions people are able to learn more from their educators because when people are first introduced to a new concept it is difficult to completely understand the idea. The only way to fully comprehend is by asking the right questions. Shorris teaches us that education should be the key to getting out of an impoverished lifestyle. From learning how to ask questions lifelong learners are able to learn even more from their education. Asking questions can get through understanding and help people understand the full concept.I agree that education should be used as a way to escape from pov erty. The only problem with education being an escape route from poverty is that it takes a lot of time and effort before people see any results. Some people in poverty might not see any changes in their lives, money wise, until much by and by after they graduate from college. Since many teenagers dont want to wait ten or fifteen years until they graduate from college they turn to gang life. They see gang life as a way to be able to support themselves and their family quickly.The problem with gang life is that the members become trap by a surround of force. This means that once they are a gang member they have a rough time quitting their gang and adjusting back to civil life. This is unlike the force that Shorris speaks about relating to being poor because many gang members have lives of luxury. It is related to Shorris idea because I theorise that being in a gang is like being on another planet. The gang members see no substitute(a) lifestyle to gangs because many of them will be killed if they try to leave.If gang members leave their gangs they dont know any resource to making money besides criminal offence and they have trouble fitting back into society. If they managed to collect any profit from medicate money they wont be able to use most of it because it will be linked to a drug organization. Even though gang life may seem like a shortcut to a rich lifestyle, it will actually take much womb-to-tomb than an education because of the dirty money, chances of a prison sentence, and the high risk of death.With an education, people are able to learn about the world and what it takes to be wealthy without the risk of a person overdosing on heroin that you sell them. For example one might learn in school about non-profit organizations and perpetrate their lives to helping other people get on the right path to success. Earl Shorris do an effort to recruit top passing teachers for his Clemente Classroom. His class was well organized but without great te achers he feared that his students would not benefit from the teaching.He was very fortunate that these teachers decided to put up their time. Carol Stevens talks very critically of educational institutions in her article entitled Formulating new criteria for teacher candidate selection because of their lack of teaching the correct methods that best help students. She complains that institutions develop requirements that makes them look better in the public eye, instead they need to develop curriculums that focus on congruous techniques that can help individual students more than the collective group.Stevens is focusing on a rush of new teachers being hired in the year 2000, but her article can relate to any hiring swear out that teaching administrators go through. It is important that we have some of our brightest minds in our country being teachers. A sad fact is that a majority of our very intelligent citizens do not pursue a teaching career because of the low wages. Since we dont have the smartest of smart being enrolled in teacher education programs at universities, Stevens writes that our programs need to be even more precise so that our incoming teachers fully understand how to positively change their students lives.When it boils down to the, basics it is the teachers responsibility to educate their students. Whether a teacher succeeds or fails at making a difference depends on the techniques they learned in college. An incorrect teaching method would be an educator who treats their students like they are fused together as one person. Educators like this dont think about individual students and different methods of teaching. A poor educator will teach one method to the whole class and be surprised when numerous students dont understand the concepts.Due to poor teacher training a teacher might believe that the problem lies in their students intelligence instead of their teaching methods. It t is an educators job to teach the students that education is a key part of survival. It should not be forgotten that no matter how great of an education a teacher has or the advanced teaching methods they use, students in their class will not learn anything if they dont listen and work hard. It is excessively every individuals responsibility to understand that we will not learn if we are not motivated to ingest information.Stevens argues that school districts hiring teachers, and institutions accepting people as education majors have different requirements for being accepted and she says this is a problem because they are viewed as dangers to the overall science of teachers in America. If we have teachers that arent prepared to be teachers then no student will be able to see what education can do for them. Education is supposed to be a ticket to survival. That ticket will not help you if the pilot does not know the seemly way to fly the plane.Education should be a key to survival for us and Stevens goes one step further into this theor y by making the point that America needs more higher quality teachers if we want our educational system to play an even bigger role in helping our citizens find success. Stevens does not like how only forty-three states in America require potential teachers to take a licensing test. She wants all fifty states to require a test so incoming teachers can express the knowledge theyve learned. Stevens believes that teachers are the main people who have the responsibility of educating us and that it is their trade to powerful educate us.She believes that an important method of educating students is being able to communicate verbally with them. I think that verbal intercourse is important because face to face conversations gives students an fortune to be more personal with their teachers and once a more personal human relationship is created, a student will have ask more questions and become motivated to listen to what their teachers have to say. Stevens discusses the advantages of h aving an organized lesson plan. Without a termly lesson plan a teacher will not be able to properly educate their students because they didnt plan their class time correctly.With a lack of time, the students will not have a chance to fully understand the more complicated ideas in the classroom. Stevens believes that education needs to be appropriate for age and grade level. This is a problem that many new educators collide with during their first few years of teaching especially if they have chosen to be an elementary teacher or middle school teacher. Proper teaching way must be developed by teachers so that the age level they are teaching is able to understand what is termination on.If teachers know how to become more personal with their students, have organized lesson plans and use those lesson plans for the age group they are teaching, then education becomes a ticket to survival for their students. With these proper teaching methods the students will be able learn at a good ra te and become successful robust members of society. Shorris had great teachers in his Clemente Class and I think if he accepted worse teachers half of the original sixteen people who graduated from the class would have failed the class.I think that recruiting great teachers into that field of employment will help our intelligence as a nation because I believe that a student can become motivated to learn with the help of an educator who invests their time in their students life. I remember in fourth grade I didnt have very much motivation to excel but when I got to fifth grade a great teacher named Mrs. Kenyon helped me become a better student by being strict. She was strict intend she cared if we didnt do our work, she wanted us to excel.She brought out the best student in me by making me work genuinely hard to get the good grades that I wanted. I carried this work ethic through middle school, and picked it back up in college when I began understanding how important my education was. Mrs. Kenyon taught me that education is my ticket to survival, my shot at a life with endless opportunities. If Mrs. Kenyon hadnt been taught how to communicate with her fifth grade students so well over the course of her life I dont think that I would have been able to pick up the pieces of my life that I broke during high school.When I had motivation to become educated, I was able to realize how much potential I had. She showed me how much potential I have as a student and as a person. straight in my college days I am learning many things from my new teachers. I dont think I would understand these great college facts if I hadnt learned about the knowledgeable rewards I receive when I work hard on my school work. Mrs. Kenyon taught me about the rewards because she learned how to be a great teacher in school. I believe Mrs. Kenyon is the teacher that Carol Stevens is drawing a propose of in her article.